FM / apparmor.d

/etc/apparmor.d

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
abi/	-	0755	rm
abstractions/	-	0755	rm
disable/	-	0755	rm
force-complain/	-	0755	rm
local/	-	0755	rm
rsyslog.d/	-	0755	rm
tunables/	-	0755	rm
1password	354	0644	edit dl rm
balena-etcher	374	0644	edit dl rm
brave	348	0644	edit dl rm
buildah	342	0644	edit dl rm
busybox	342	0644	edit dl rm
cam	330	0644	edit dl rm
ch-checkns	351	0644	edit dl rm
ch-run	339	0644	edit dl rm
chrome	349	0644	edit dl rm
code	349	0644	edit dl rm
crun	333	0644	edit dl rm
devhelp	342	0644	edit dl rm
Discord	352	0644	edit dl rm
element-desktop	368	0644	edit dl rm
epiphany	356	0644	edit dl rm
evolution	348	0644	edit dl rm
firefox	410	0644	edit dl rm
flatpak	342	0644	edit dl rm
foliate	342	0644	edit dl rm
geary	336	0644	edit dl rm
github-desktop	378	0644	edit dl rm
goldendict	353	0644	edit dl rm
ipa_verify	351	0644	edit dl rm
kchmviewer	353	0644	edit dl rm
keybase	346	0644	edit dl rm
lc-compliance	360	0644	edit dl rm
libcamerify	354	0644	edit dl rm
linux-sandbox	383	0644	edit dl rm
loupe	336	0644	edit dl rm
lsb_release	1379	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-attach	351	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-create	351	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-destroy	354	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-execute	354	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-stop	345	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-unshare	354	0644	edit dl rm
lxc-usernsexec	363	0644	edit dl rm
mmdebstrap	351	0644	edit dl rm
MongoDB_Compass	386	0644	edit dl rm
msedge	352	0644	edit dl rm
nautilus	346	0644	edit dl rm
notepadqq	402	0644	edit dl rm
nvidia_modprobe	1213	0644	edit dl rm
obsidian	350	0644	edit dl rm
opam	333	0644	edit dl rm
opera	355	0644	edit dl rm
pageedit	347	0644	edit dl rm
plasmashell	680	0644	edit dl rm
podman	339	0644	edit dl rm
polypane	350	0644	edit dl rm
privacybrowser	365	0644	edit dl rm
qcam	333	0644	edit dl rm
qmapshack	348	0644	edit dl rm
QtWebEngineProcess	404	0644	edit dl rm
qutebrowser	354	0644	edit dl rm
rootlesskit	354	0644	edit dl rm
rpm	330	0644	edit dl rm
rssguard	347	0644	edit dl rm
runc	334	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild	339	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-abort	357	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-adduser	364	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-apt	351	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-checkpackages	381	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-clean	357	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-createchroot	378	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-destroychroot	382	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-distupgrade	375	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-hold	354	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-shell	365	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-unhold	360	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-update	360	0644	edit dl rm
sbuild-upgrade	363	0644	edit dl rm
scide	355	0644	edit dl rm
signal-desktop	366	0644	edit dl rm
slack	342	0644	edit dl rm
slirp4netns	354	0644	edit dl rm
steam	363	0644	edit dl rm
stress-ng	348	0644	edit dl rm
surfshark	354	0644	edit dl rm
systemd-coredump	377	0644	edit dl rm
thunderbird	354	0644	edit dl rm
toybox	335	0644	edit dl rm
transmission	2400	0644	edit dl rm
trinity	342	0644	edit dl rm
tup	330	0644	edit dl rm
tuxedo-control-center	400	0644	edit dl rm
ubuntu_pro_apt_news	2064	0644	edit dl rm
ubuntu_pro_esm_cache	7217	0644	edit dl rm
unix-chkpwd	881	0644	edit dl rm
unprivileged_userns	699	0644	edit dl rm
userbindmount	360	0644	edit dl rm
usr.bin.man	3448	0644	edit dl rm
usr.bin.tcpdump	1687	0644	edit dl rm
usr.lib.snapd.snap-confine.real	31701	0644	edit dl rm
usr.sbin.chronyd	2838	0644	edit dl rm
usr.sbin.mysqld	2006	0644	edit dl rm
usr.sbin.rsyslogd	1872	0644	edit dl rm
uwsgi-core	351	0644	edit dl rm
vdens	336	0644	edit dl rm
virtiofsd	352	0644	edit dl rm
vivaldi-bin	358	0644	edit dl rm
vpnns	336	0644	edit dl rm
wike	333	0644	edit dl rm
wpcom	346	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /etc/apparmor.d/usr.lib.snapd.snap-confine.real (31701B)

# Author: Jamie Strandboge <jamie@canonical.com>
#include <tunables/global>

@{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}="{,/var/lib/snapd}/snap"

/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine (attach_disconnected) {
    # Include any additional files that snapd chose to generate.
    # - for $HOME on remote file system.
    # - for $HOME on encrypted media
    #
    # Those are discussed on https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snapd-vs-upstream-kernel-vs-apparmor
    # and https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snaps-and-nfs-home/
    #include "/var/lib/snapd/apparmor/snap-confine"

# We run privileged, so be fanatical about what we include and don't use
    # any abstractions
    /etc/ld.so.cache r,
    /etc/ld.so.preload r,

# Do not assume that the interpreter is always named like
    # ld-linux-x86_64.so, as on some architectures there can be a version after
    # the .so suffix, eg. ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}ld{-*,64}.so* mrix,
    # libc, you are funny
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,glibc-hwcaps/*/,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libc{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libpthread{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libreadline{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}librt{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libgcc_s.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libncursesw{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libresolv{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libselinux.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libpcre{,2}{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libmount.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libblkid.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libuuid.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libm.so* mr,
    # normal libs in order
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libapparmor.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libcgmanager.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libdl{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnih.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnih-dbus.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libdbus-1.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libudev.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libseccomp.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libcap.so* mr,

/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine mr,

# This rule is needed when executing from a "base: core" devmode snap on 
    # UC18 and newer where the /usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine inside the 
    # "base: core" mount namespace always comes from the snapd snap, and thus
    # we will execute snap-confine via this path, and thus need to be able to
    # read this path when executing. It's also necessary on classic where both
    # the snapd and the core snap are installed at the same time.
    # TODO: remove this rule when we stop supporting executing other snaps from
    # inside devmode snaps, ideally even in the short term we would only include
    # this rule on core only, and specifically uc18 and newer where we need it
    #@VERBATIM_LIBEXECDIR_SNAP_CONFINE@ mr,

/dev/null rw,
    /dev/full rw,
    /dev/zero rw,
    /dev/random r,
    /dev/urandom r,
    /dev/pts/[0-9]* rw,
    /dev/tty rw,

# Stdout may be inherited from systemd. This is normally provided by <abstractions/base>
    /{,var/}run/systemd/journal/stdout rw,

# SNAP_MOUNT_DIR probe logic
    /proc/1/root/snap r,

# cgroup: devices
    capability sys_admin,
    capability dac_read_search,
    capability dac_override,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/ rw,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/cgroup.procs w,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/devices.{allow,deny} w,

# cgroup: freezer
    # Allow creating per-snap cgroup freezers and adding snap command (task)
    # invocations to the freezer. This allows for reliably enumerating all
    # running processes for the snap. In addition, allow enumerating processes
    # in the cgroup to determine if it is occupied.
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/snap.*/ w,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/snap.*/cgroup.procs rw,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/** r,

# required by glibc and usually provided by <abstractions/base>
    /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled r,
    /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hpage_pmd_size r,

# cgroup: reading own cgroup
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/cgroup r,

# cgroup: manage bpf map for device cgroup
    /sys/fs/bpf/ r,
    /sys/fs/bpf/snap/ rw,
    /sys/fs/bpf/snap/* rw,
    # s-c may need to raise the memlock limit
    capability sys_resource,

# querying udev
    /etc/udev/udev.conf r,
    /sys/**/uevent r,
    /run/udev/** rw,
    /usr/lib/locale/** r,
    /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/gconv/gconv-modules r,
    /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/gconv/gconv-modules.cache r,

# priv dropping
    capability setuid,
    capability setgid,

# changing profile
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/attr/{,apparmor/}exec w,
    # Reading current profile
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/attr/{,apparmor/}current r,
    # Reading available filesystems
    @{PROC}/filesystems r,

# To find where apparmor is mounted
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/mounts r,
    # To find if apparmor is enabled
    /sys/module/apparmor/parameters/enabled r,

# For detecting if we're in a container
    /run/systemd/container r,

# Don't allow changing profile to unconfined or profiles that start with
    # '/'. Use 'unsafe' to support snap-exec on armhf and its reliance on
    # the environment for determining the capabilities of the architecture.
    # 'unsafe' is ok here because the kernel will have already cleared the
    # environment as part of launching snap-confine with CAP_SYS_ADMIN. This
    # does leave directories as configured by ld.so.preload as well as
    # LD_PRELOAD to be set to a library which is in a directory configured by
    # ld.so.conf, but access to those locations is mediated by this profile
    # (which requires rules for specific locations).
    # TODO: use GenerateAAREExclusionPatterns for this, though the first
    # rule and the fact that the generative aspect is not an absolute filepath
    # complicate using that function directly
    change_profile unsafe /** -> [^u/]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> u[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> un[^c]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unc[^o]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unco[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> uncon[^f]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconf[^i]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfi[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfin[^e]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfine[^d]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfined?**,

# allow changing to a few not caught above
    change_profile unsafe /** -> {u,un,unc,unco,uncon,unconf,unconfi,unconfin,unconfine},

# LP: #1446794 - when this bug is fixed, change the above to:
    # deny change_profile unsafe /** -> {unconfined,/**},
    # change_profile unsafe /** -> **,

# reading seccomp filters.
    # Note 1: We still need to consider .bin extension because of global.bin file.
    # Note 2: This rule is not needed because of rule '/var/lib/** rw', however we keep it because at
    # some point we want to investigate if we can narrow the scope of the aforementioned rule.
    /{tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/seccomp/bpf/*.bin{,2} r,

# adding a missing bpf mount; nosuid/nodev/noexec are required for hardening
    mount fstype=bpf options=(rw nosuid nodev noexec) bpf -> /sys/fs/bpf/,

# For mounting base dir by dir (write dirs and mount on them)
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_** rw,
    mount options=(remount ro) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/**/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,
    # For mounting individual files
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/** -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/**,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,
    # Allow mounting dirs from /
    mount options=(rw rbind) /*/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,

# LP: #1668659 and parallel instances of classic snaps
    mount options=(rw rbind) /snap/ -> /snap/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /snap/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/snapd/snap/ -> /var/lib/snapd/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /var/lib/snapd/snap/,

# boostrapping the mount namespace
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ rw,
    mount fstype=tmpfs none -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /,
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw unbindable) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # the next line is for classic system
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # the next line is for core system
    mount options=(rw rbind) / -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # all of the constructed rootfs is a rslave
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # bidirectional mounts (for both classic and core)
    # NOTE: this doesn't capture the MERGED_USR configuration option so that
    # when a distro with merged /usr and / that uses apparmor shows up it
    # should be handled here.
    /{,run/}media/ w,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /{,run/}media/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/{,run/}media/,
    /run/netns/ w,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /run/netns/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/netns/,
    # unidirectional mounts (only for classic system)
    mount options=(rw rbind) /dev/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/dev/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/dev/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /etc/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /home/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/home/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/home/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /root/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/root/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/root/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /proc/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/proc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/proc/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /sys/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/sys/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/sys/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /tmp/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/tmp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/tmp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/dhcp/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/dhcp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/dhcp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/snap/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/snap/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/tmp/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,
    # /var/volatile is the default volatile location on Yocto/Poky, typically used with read-only rootfs setups
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/volatile/tmp/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /run/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/extrausers/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/extrausers/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/extrausers/,

mount options=(rw rbind) {,/usr}/lib{,32,64,x32}/modules/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/modules/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/modules/,

mount options=(rw rbind) {,/usr}/lib{,32,64,x32}/firmware/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/firmware/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/firmware/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/log/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,
    # /var/volatile is the default volatile location on Yocto/Poky, typically used with read-only rootfs setups
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/volatile/log/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /usr/src/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/src/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/src/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /mnt/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/mnt/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/mnt/,

# allow making host snap-exec available inside base snaps
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,

# allow making re-execed host snap-exec available inside base snaps
    mount options=(ro bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/core/*/usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,
    # allow making snapd snap tools available inside base snaps
    mount options=(ro bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/snapd/*/usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,

mount options=(rw bind) /usr/bin/snapctl -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/bin/snapctl,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/bin/snapctl,

# /etc/alternatives (classic and normal mode)
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/alternatives/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ssl/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ssl/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/nsswitch.conf -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/nsswitch.conf,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/apparmor/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/apparmor.d/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor.d/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.conf -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.cache -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.cache,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/,

# /etc/alternatives (core/legacy mode)
    mount options=(rw bind) /etc/alternatives/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,

# making all those directories slave shared.
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ssl/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/nsswitch.conf,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor.d/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.cache,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/,

# the /snap directory
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/snap/,
    # pivot_root preparation and execution
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,
    mount options=(rw private) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,

# pivot_root mediation in AppArmor is not complete. See LP: #1791711.
    # However, we can mediate the new_root and put_old to be what we expect,
    # and then deny directory creation within old_root to prevent trivial
    # pivoting into an allowlisted path.
    pivot_root oldroot=/tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # Explicitly deny creating the old_root directory in case it is
    # inadvertently added somewhere else. While this doesn't resolve
    # LP: #1791711, it provides some hardening.
    # For dir on dir mounts, we do need write permissions in /var though
    audit deny /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/{var/lib/,var/lib/snapd/,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/} w,

# cleanup
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/sys/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/dev/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/proc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,

# Hide /writable from view of snaps.
    mount options=(rprivate) -> /{,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/}writable/,
    umount /{,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/}writable/,

# set up user mount namespace
    mount options=(rslave) -> /,

# set up mount namespace for parallel instances of classic snaps
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/{,*/} -> @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/{,*/},
    mount options=(rslave) -> @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/,
    mount options=(rslave) -> /var/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/snap/{,*/} -> /var/snap/{,*/},
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /var/snap/,

# Allow reading the os-release file (possibly a symlink to /usr/lib).
    /{etc/,usr/lib/}os-release r,

# Allow creating /var/lib/snapd/hostfs, if missing
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ rw,

# set up snap-specific private /tmp dir
    capability chown,
    /tmp/ rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/ rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/tmp/ rw,
    mount options=(rw private) ->  /tmp/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/tmp/ -> /tmp/,
    mount fstype=devpts options=(rw) devpts -> /dev/pts/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx -> /dev/ptmx,     # for bind mounting
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx -> /dev/pts/ptmx, # for bind mounting under LXD
    # Workaround for LP: #1584456 on older kernels that mistakenly think
    # /dev/pts/ptmx needs a trailing '/'
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx/ -> /dev/ptmx/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx/ -> /dev/pts/ptmx/,

# for running snaps on classic
    /snap/ r,
    /snap/** r,
    @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/ r,
    @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/** r,

# NOTE: at this stage the /snap directory is stable as we have called
    # pivot_root already.

# nvidia handling, glob needs /usr/** and the launcher must be
    # able to bind mount the nvidia dir
    /sys/module/nvidia/version r,
    /sys/**/drivers/nvidia{,_*}/* r,
    /sys/**/nvidia*/uevent r,
    /sys/module/nvidia{,_*}/* r,
    /dev/nvidia[0-9]* r,
    /dev/nvidiactl r,
    /dev/nvidia-uvm r,
    /usr/** r,
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib{,32}/nvidia-*/ -> /{tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib{,32}/nvidia-*/ -> /{tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,

# Vulkan support
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/,

# GLVND EGL vendor
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/,

# create gl dirs as needed
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/** rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/** rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/ r,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/** rw,

## nvidia libraries exported by a snap
    # read source paths
    /var/lib/snapd/export/{,*} r,
    # for the tmpfs
    /var/lib/snapd/lib/system/ w,
    /var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/ w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/,
    # mounts for the source paths
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/{,**} w,
    mount options=(ro bind) /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/** -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/**,

# for chroot on steroids, we use pivot_root as a better chroot that makes
    # apparmor rules behave the same on classic and outside of classic.

# for creating the user data directories: ~/snap, ~/snap/<name> and
    # ~/snap/<name>/<version>
    / r,
    @{HOMEDIRS}/ r,
    # These should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't
    # yet
    @{HOME}/ r,
    @{HOME}/snap/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# experimental
    @{HOME}/.snap/                rw,
    @{HOME}/.snap/data/{,*/,*/*/} rw,
    @{HOME}/Snap/{,*/,*/*/}       rw,

# Special case for *classic* snaps that are used by users with existing dirs
    # in /var/lib/. Like jenkins, postgresql, mysql, puppet, ...
    # (see https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/9717)
    # TODO: this can be removed once we support home-dirs outside of /home
    #       better
    /var/ r,
    /var/lib/ r,
    # These should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't
    # yet
    /var/lib/*/ r,
    /var/lib/*/snap/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# for creating the user shared memory directories
    /{dev,run}/{,shm/} r,
    # This should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't yet
    /{dev,run}/shm/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# for creating the user XDG_RUNTIME_DIR: /run/user, /run/user/UID and
    # /run/user/UID/<name>
    /run/user/{,[0-9]*/,[0-9]*/*/} rw,

# Workaround https://launchpad.net/bugs/359338 until upstream handles
    # stacked filesystems generally.
    # encrypted ~/.Private and old-style encrypted $HOME
    @{HOME}/.Private/ r,
    @{HOME}/.Private/** mrwlk,
    # new-style encrypted $HOME
    @{HOMEDIRS}/.ecryptfs/*/.Private/ r,
    @{HOMEDIRS}/.ecryptfs/*/.Private/** mrwlk,

# Allow snap-confine to move to the void, creating it if necessary.
    /var/lib/snapd/void/ rw,

# Allow snap-confine to read snap contexts
    /var/lib/snapd/context/snap.* r,

# Allow snap-confine to unmount stale mount namespaces.
    umount /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt,
    /run/snapd/ns/snap.*.fstab w,
    # Allow snap-confine to read and write mount namespace information files.
    /run/snapd/ns/snap.*.info rw,
    # Required to correctly unmount bound mount namespace.
    # See LP: #1735459 for details.
    umount /,

# support for locking
    /run/snapd/lock/ rw,
    /run/snapd/lock/*.lock rwk,

# support for the mount namespace sharing
    capability fowner,
    capability sys_ptrace,
    # allow snap-confine to read /proc/1/ns/mnt
    ptrace read peer=unconfined,
    # https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/custom-kernel-error-on-readlinkat-in-mount-namespace/6097/21
    ptrace trace peer=unconfined,

mount options=(rw rbind) /run/snapd/ns/ -> /run/snapd/ns/,
    mount options=(private) -> /run/snapd/ns/,
    / rw,
    /run/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ns/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.lock rwk,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt rw,
    ptrace (read, readby, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/mountinfo r,
    capability sys_chroot,
    capability sys_admin,
    #  sigint: this is the signal we get if snap-confine dies (we subscribe to it with prctl)
    signal (send, receive) set=(int, abrt, alrm, exists) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,
    # This is just like exists above but we cannot know if the parent process
    # is still alive and hence has the appropriate label or is already dead and
    # hence has no label.
    signal (send) set=(exists) peer=unconfined,
    # This allows snap-confine to be killed from the outside.
    signal (receive) peer=unconfined,

# workaround for linux 4.13/upstream, see
    # https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snapd-2-27-6-2-in-debian-sid-blocked-on-apparmor-in-kernel-4-13-0-1/2813/3
    ptrace (trace, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,

# Allow reading snap cookies.
    /var/lib/snapd/cookie/snap.* r,

# As a special exception allow snap-confine to write to anything in /var/lib.
    # This code should be changed to allow delegation so that snap-confine can
    # inherit any file descriptor and pass it to the invoked application but
    # this is not possible in apparmor yet.
    # See https://bugs.launchpad.net/snapd/+bug/1815869
    /var/lib/** rw,

# This allows us to read and bind mount the namespace file
    / r,
    @{PROC}/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ns/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ns/mnt r,
    /run/ r,
    /run/snapd/ r,
    /run/snapd/ns/ r,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt rw,
    # NOTE: the source name is / even though we map /proc/123/ns/mnt
    mount options=(rw bind) / -> /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt,
    # This allows snap-confine to wait for us
    ptrace (read, trace, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,

# Allow switching to snap-update-ns with a per-snap profile.
    change_profile -> snap-update-ns.*,

# Allow executing snap-update-ns when...

# ...snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the distribution package. This is also the location used when using
    # the core/base snap on all-snap systems. The variants here represent
    # various locations of libexecdir across distributions.
    /usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ...snap-confine is not, conceptually, re-executing and uses
    # snap-update-ns from the distribution package but we are already inside
    # the constructed mount namespace so we must traverse "hostfs". The
    # variants here represent various locations of libexecdir across
    # distributions.
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ..snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the core or snapd snaps. Note that the location of the actual snap
    # varies from distribution to distribution. The variants here represent
    # different locations of snap mount directory across distributions.
    /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ...snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the core snap or snapd snap, but we are already inside the
    # constructed mount namespace. Here the apparmor kernel module
    # re-constructs the path to snap-update-ns using the "hostfs" mount entry
    # rather than the more "natural" /snap mount entry but we have no control
    # over that.  This is reported as (LP: #1716339). The variants here
    # represent different locations of snap mount directory across
    # distributions.
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# Allow executing snap-discard-ns, just like the set for snap-update-ns
    # above but with the key difference that snap-discard-ns does not
    # have a dedicated profile so we need to inherit snap-confine's profile.

/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,

# Allow mounting /var/lib/jenkins from the host into the snap.
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/jenkins/ -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/jenkins/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/jenkins/,

# Suppress noisy file_inherit denials (LP: #1850552) until LP: #1849753 is
    # fixed.
    deny /dev/shm/.org.chromium.Chromium.* rw,

# While snap-confine itself doesn't require unix rules and therefore all
    # unix rules are implicitly denied, adding an explicit deny for unix to
    # silence noisy denials breaks nested lxd. Until the cause is determined,
    # do not use an explicit deny for unix. (LP: #1855355)
    #deny unix,

# Explicitly deny these accesses which show up on Arch to silence the
    # denials for this unneeded access.
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_files-[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_mymachines.[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_systemd.[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /etc/nsswitch.conf r,
    deny /etc/passwd r,

# Allow snap-confine to inherit sockets from other snaps. This prevents classic snaps
    # from having broken stdin redirected to unix sockets that are established by said snap,
    # e.g. opencode.
    unix (send, receive) addr=none peer=(addr=none, label="snap.*"),
}

cmd: